Stainless steel is a ferrous alloy that has a minimum of 10.5% chromium, which helps it withstand rusting and corrosion. Though corrosion resistant materials have been around for centuries, modern stainless steel was invented in 1913 in England by Harry Brearley at the Brown-Firth Laboratory. The name originates from the fact that stainless steel does not stain, corrode or rust as easily as ordinary steel. This material is also called corrosion resistant steel.

Types of Stainless Steel

There are different types of stainless steels: but following are the More Common Types of Stainless Steel

• Austenitic - comprises about 70% of stainless steel manufactured. Austenitic stainless steels are non-magnetic non heat-treatable steels that are usually annealed and cold worked.
• Ferritic - highly corrosion resistant, though less durable than austenitic. They have good heat and corrosion resistance, in particular sea water, and good resistance to stress-corrosion cracking.
• Matensitic - not as corrosion resistant, but is very tough and is found in machines. Martensitic grades are magnetic and can be heat-treated by quenching or tempering. They contain chromium but usually contain no nickel, except for 2 grades.
• Duplex - a mixture of austenite and ferrite materials, increasing corrosion resistance and strength.

Stainless steel is highly useful in a wide variety of commercial products, Because of its ability to withstand the elements, inexpensiveness, easy maintenance, and attractive appearance.

Stainless steel is recyclable, with over half of it being made from scrap metal. Stainless steel is made into sheets, bars, tubes, wires, and plates, and can be fashioned into:

• Cookware
• Cutlery
• Hardware
• Surgical instruments
• Home appliances
• Industrial equipment

Stainless steel castings are usually classified as either corrosion-resistant castings or heat-resistant. The usual distinction between heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant cast steels is based on carbon content.

Corrosion-Resistant Steel Castings. These steel castings for liquid corrosion service are often classified on the basis of composition, although it should be recognized that classification by composition often involves microstructural distinction.

Compositions of Heat-Resistant Steel Castings. Castings are classified as heat resistant if they are capable of sustained operation while exposed, either continuously or intermittently, to operating temperatures that result in metal temperatures in excess of 650°C. Heat-resistant steel castings resemble high-alloy corrosion-resistant steels except for their higher carbon content, which imparts greater strength at elevated temperature.

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