Manganese is gray-white metal with a pinkish tinge, and a very brittle but hard metallic element. Manganese is a reactive element that easily combines with ions in water and air. It is essential to iron and steel production.

Manganese steel - a steel with a relatively large component (10-14%) of manganese; highly resistant to wear and shock.

The original austenitic manganese steel, containing about 1.2% C and 12% Mn, was invented by Sir Robert Hadfield in 1882. Many variations of the original austenitic manganese steel have been proposed, often in unexploited patents, but only a few have been adopted as significant improvements. These usually involve variations of carbon and manganese, with or without additional alloys such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, and bismuth.

Austenitic manganese steel is used in equipment for handling and processing earthen materials (such as rock crushers, grinding mills, dredge buckets, power shovel buckets and teeth, and pumps for handling gravel and rocks). Other applications include fragmentize hammers and grates for automobile recycling and military applications such as tank track pads.

The mechanical properties of austenitic manganese steel vary with both carbon and manganese content. As carbon is increased it becomes increasingly difficult to retain all of the carbon in solid solution, which may account for reductions in tensile strength and ductility.

Austenitic steels with higher manganese contents (>15%) have recently been developed for applications requiring low magnetic permeability, low temperature (cryogenic) strength and low temperature toughness.

Steel becomes harder when it is alloyed with manganese. Hardened steel is important in the manufacture of construction materials like I-beams (24% of manganese consumption), machinery (14% of manganese consumption), and transportation (13% of manganese consumption).

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